Africa: Significant Reduction in Internet Coverage Deficit in Sub-Saharan Africa

Remarkable progress since 2015

Between 2015 and 2023 , the internet coverage gap in sub-Saharan Africa has been significantly reduced, from 46.3% to 13.3% , according to the GSMA’s The State of Mobile Internet Connectivity 2024 report . This progress is part of a global dynamic of digital transformation, although regional disparities remain:

• 12% deficit in West Africa,
• 9% in East Africa,
• 34% in Central Africa.

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) illustrates these disparities:

• 46% of the population does not have access to mobile broadband coverage,
• 25% have no mobile coverage, even 2G .

Colossal investments needed for universal connectivity

Universal connectivity by 2030 requires an estimated investment of USD 430 billion , according to the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). However, several challenges are holding back these investments, particularly in the least developed countries:

• Expansion costs are rising rapidly: for example, in the DRC, going from 75% to 95% coverage would require 5,700 new mobile sites , with a cost per person ranging from $7 to over $600 .
• Economic viability is compromised by modest mobile incomes (average growth of 2% over three years) and high inflation (8.5% in 2022 and 6.2% in 2023).

Alternatives to bridge the digital divide

To overcome these challenges, several innovative solutions are emerging:

1. Community networks : These local initiatives provide targeted, low-cost coverage.
2. Satellite Internet : Since 2022 , the expansion of Starlink (American provider) offers coverage in isolated areas. However, this option faces obstacles:
   • Restrictive legislation in some countries.
   • High prices, often inaccessible to disadvantaged populations.

The Vital Impact of Mobile Internet in Africa

Access to the Internet has become essential to support the continent’s digital transformation and economic development. As the GSMA highlights:

“The mobile Internet is connecting more people than ever before to essential services such as healthcare, education, e-commerce and financial services, while creating revenue-generating opportunities.”

Conclusion: A collective effort for a connected Africa

Although significant progress has been made, the road to universal connectivity remains fraught with challenges. The mobilization of governments, telecom operators and international partners is crucial to bridge the digital divide, by exploring innovative business models and accessible technologies. Digital inclusion is an essential lever to propel sub-Saharan Africa into the era of digital transformation.