Somaliland Goes to the Polls: An Election in Search of International Recognition
A Crucial Election for Self-Proclaimed Somaliland
On November 13, 2024, at dawn, citizens of Somaliland, a self-declared republic that seceded from Somalia, went to the polls in large numbers to elect their president. The election marks a watershed moment for the territory, whose quest for international recognition has stirred up controversy in the Horn of Africa.
Three Candidates in the Race for the Presidency
Somaliland’s 1.22 million voters have a choice between three major political figures: incumbent President Muse Bihi, in power since 2017; Abdirahman Mohamed Abdullahi, nicknamed “Irro” and leader of the opposition Waddani party; and Faysal Ali Warabe, candidate of the Social Justice Party (UCID). This election could well become a turning point for Somaliland in its international recognition.
A Democratic Process to Legitimize Secession
In the main square of the capital Hargeisa, where a Somali fighter jet stands as a symbol of past fighting, voters like Hamza Moussa Ali demonstrate their commitment. Arriving at 1:00 a.m., well before polling stations opened, the 32-year-old aid worker emphasizes the importance of the vote: “We have to prove to the world that Somaliland is capable of organizing a safe democratic process, and that it can be recognized in complete safety.”
A History Marked by Autonomy and Stability
Located in the northwestern corner of Somalia, Somaliland, with an area the size of Uruguay (175,000 km²), declared independence in 1991 after the collapse of the military regime of Siad Barre in Somalia. Since then, the territory has operated autonomously with its own currency, army and police, and has enjoyed notable stability, unlike neighbouring Somalia, which has been plagued by Islamist conflicts and repeated political crises. However, despite its governance achievements, Somaliland has never achieved official recognition as a country, leaving it in persistent political and economic isolation.
The Search for Recognition: A Source of Regional Tensions
For almost a year, Somaliland’s quest for recognition has caused a diplomatic crisis with Somalia and Ethiopia. Indeed, the Somaliland government signed a controversial memorandum of understanding with Ethiopia, providing for the leasing of 20 kilometers of coastline in exchange for formal recognition. Although the details of the agreement have not been made public, it has sparked fierce opposition and increased diplomatic pressure between countries in the region.
Conclusion: A Crucial Election for Somaliland’s Political Future
The Somaliland presidential election goes far beyond the local context, embodying the hope of an entire region that this territory will one day be officially recognized. This quest for recognition, based on democratic commitment and exceptional stability, will be crucial for the political and economic future of Somaliland. It remains to be seen whether this election can truly advance Somaliland’s cause in its quest for international legitimacy.
